我国可持续发展的矿产资源基础

THE MINERAL BASE FOR CHINA'S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

我国是世界上矿产生产和消费大国。由于工业化起步晚、人口基数大，我国矿产资源相对不足。欲在此资源基础上实施国家可持续发展战略，除了继续增加资金和技术投入以扩大资源总量及完善法制和管理以加强节约外，加大矿产资源供应系统的开放性，增加关键短缺矿种，特别是油气资源的进口十分重要。世界工业化发展历史和我国多年经济发展的实践证明，高速的经济发展有赖于更为开放的矿产资源供应，而生活水平的提高和日益恶化的生态环境则迫使能源消费结构不断革新。从这一点出发，未来矿产资源供应建立在国内和国际市场“两个轮子”之上必将成为我国矿产可持续发展战略的重要组成部分。

Although China is one of the largest mineral producers and consumers in the world, the country still has a poorer image in mineral resources due to a rapidly growing industrialization and a great number of population. To pursuit the goal of a sustainable development, it is very important for China to pour more capital and technologies into mineral industry for reinforcing its mineral base and to improve regulations and management in mineral production and consumption for protecting its limited mineral resources continually on the one hand, and to open more widely to the world's mineral market in order to increase imports of some key minerals such as oil and gas on the other. In terms of the practices of the world's industrialization and the recent economic development of China itself, the higher speed of economic development and the higher living standard a country has, the more opening mineral supply it depends while the deteriorated environment has a greater pressure on the structural change of energy consumption. China, therefore, has an urgent need for changing its mineral supply policy from a self reliance one to a new one which rests on “ two wheels ” of mineral supply from both domestic and international markets to drive its economy now, and such a policy should become a critical part of the national sustainable development strategy.