后911时代的联合国改革

The United Nations Reform after 9/11

作为国际社会规则的象征与国际法的维护者,联合国肩负着巨大的期望与责任。这种期望随着冷战后两极对抗的终结曾达到一个令人振奋的高潮。人们第一次真诚的相信"集体安全"原则与联合国维和行动将在世界范围内终结和遏制战争。但90年代的局势发展却恰恰相反。本文将试图解释联合国未能有效维护世界和平的结构性与政治性原因,并提出机构改革与观念变革的方向。

The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of 9/11 on the United Nations and how the UN should react to further its goal of maintaining global peace and security. The topic will be elaborated in three parts. The first part briefly discusses in which manner 9/11 along with its subsequences impact the UN functionality; the second and third part will attempt to shed some light on enhancing the UN effectiveness in peacekeeping operations and in diplomatic efforts respectively. A few suggestions for the structural reform of the UN will be provided, but the main focus of this essay is to explore the possibility of its role -change; that is, to convert the UN from a subordinate in power politics into a leading actor in normative reconstruction, and by reshaping the values and cultures of international politics, the UN can influence the world in a way neither oil nor steel can achieve.