乡村经济变革与村民自治的兴起和发展——兼以梨树县村民自治调查为例

The Change of Rural Economy and the Rise and Development of Villager Autonomy

村民自治随着家庭联产承包责任制的推行而逐步兴起,并在发展中初步形成了以村民委员会组织法为核心的中央与地方法规体系。在此进程中,村民委员会"海选"应运而生并推广开来。而新时期非公有制经济在农村的发展和对农村的辐射,促使农村社会结构发生变动,村民的生产生活方式、就业方式和思维方式日益多样化,进而改变着村民委员会选举和村民自治赖以实现的经济社会条件,尤其深刻影响着村民委员会"海选"及其效能的发挥。由我国经济社会发展的不平衡性和乡村社情所决定,村民委员会"海选"应因地制宜,积极稳妥,依法有序。村民委员会"海选"自身能否具有发展前景和生命力,则取决于其与社会主义民主政治建设的适应性,以及村民自治坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国有机统一的实现程度。村民委员会"海选"程序民主与实质民主相统一的实现,离不开坚持人民民主,积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革,不断加强乡村选举制度建设、健全体制和完善选举程序。

With the implementation of the household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output, villager autonomy rose and established a legal system taking the Organization Law of the Villagers Committees of the People＇s Republic of China as its core. With the emergence of the masses election of villager committee, the new-period development of non-public economy in the rural areas triggered the change of rural social structure and the increasing diversification of the mode of villager＇s production, villager＇s lifestyle, the mode of viUager＇s employment, and the mode of villager＇s thinking, and further changed social and economic conditions of villager autonomy, especially a profound influence on the masses election of villager committee. The masses election of villager committee should adapt to local conditions and be advanced actively and steadily in lawful order, while considering that the imbalance in China＇s social and economic development and rural conditions. It is essential for realizing unification of procedure democracy and substantial democracy of the masses election of villager committee to adhere to people＇s democracy, to promote the political system reform actively and steadily, to keep strengthening the system construction of rural election, and to improve the electoral procedure.