5Champion H R. Combat fluid resuscitation and overview of conferenees[J]. J Trauma,2003,54(5 Suppl) :S7-S12.
6Drinder C K, Drinker K R, 1.urid C C. The circulation in the mammalian bone marrow: with especial reference to the factors concerned in the movement of red blood-cells from the bone marrow into the circulating blood as disclosed by perfusion of lhe tibia of the dog and by injections of the bone-marrow in the rabbit and cat [J]. Am J Physiol, 1922,62(1) :1-92.
7Josefson A. A new method of treatment: intraosseous injections [J]. Aeta Med Scand, 1934,81 : 550-564.
8Fiser D H. Intraosseous infusion[J]. N Engl J Med, 1990,322 (22) :1579-1581.
9Sawyer R W,Bodai B I,Blaisdell F W, et al. The current status of intraosseous infusion[J]. J Am Coil Surg, 1994, 179(3), 353- 360.
4[1]Drinder Ck,Drinker KR,Lurid CC.The circulation in the mammalian bone marrow.Am J Physiol,1922,62:1-92.
5[2]Tocantins LM,ONeill JF,Jones HW.lnfusions of blood other fluids via the bone marrow:applications in pediatrics.JAMA,1941,117:1229-1234.
6[3]Sawyer RW,Bodai BI,Blaisdell FW,et al.The current status of intraosseous infusion.J Am Coll Surg,1994,179(3):353-360.
7[4]Neufeld JD,Marx JA,Moore EE,et al.Comparison of intraosseous,central,and peripheral routes of crystalloid infusion for resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in a swine model.J Trauma,1993,34(3):422-428.
8[5]Calkins MD,Fitzgerald G,Bentley TB,et al.Intraosseous infusion devices:a comparison for potential use in special operations.J Trauma,2000,48(6):1068-1074.
9[6]Macnab A,Christenson J,Findlay J,et al.A new system for sternal intraosseous infusion in adults.Prehosp Emerg Care,2000,4(2):173-177.
10[7]Kentner R,Haas T,Gervais H,et al.Pharmacokinetics and pharmacod-ynamics of hydroxyethyl starch in hypovolemic pigs; acomparison of peri-pheral andintraosseous infusion. Resuscitation,1999,40(1):37-44.
