住院精神病患者自杀行为的临床特征

Study the clinical feature of suicide in hospitalized psychiatric patients

目的：了解住院精神病患者自杀行为的临床特征。方法：对2002年1月1日至2007年6月31日在我院住院治疗期间发生自杀行为的患者，以查阅病历、访谈和实地观察自杀环境获取资料进行回顾性分析。结果：共收集到住院期间发生自杀行为患者31例，男性16人，女性15人，年龄24-68岁，平均45岁。住院时间≤1个月者13人（41.9％），住院时间为1-3个月者4人（12.9％），住院时间≥3个月者14人（45.2％）。诊断精神分裂症者最多（64.5％），其次为情感障碍（13.0％）：自杀方式以自溢最多（41.9％），其次是吞服异物（25.8％）。自杀地点以普通病室及洗手间最多见。在0am-8am时间段自杀12人（38.7％），在8am-4pm时间段11人（35.5％），在4pm-12pm时间段8人（25.8％）。在休息日发生自杀占41.9％（13人）；在工作日发生自杀仅占58.1％（18人）（X^2=13.520，P=0.000），差异有显著性。自杀死亡1人（32％）。结论：新住院及长期住院者均为自杀高危人群。住院精神病患者以上吊自杀最多。自杀地点以普通病室及洗手间最多见。休息日发生自杀的比例较高。自杀成功率并不低。

Objective ：To study the clinical feature of suicide in hospitalized psychiatric patients. Methods ： All suicide incidents recorded in the period from January 1,2002 to June 31,2007 were retrospectively analyzed for demographic variables, psychiatric diagnoses, inpatient time, happened place, time and method of suicide. Results ： we had collected thirty - one hospitalized psychotics who had suicide behavior, among them, male was 16 and female was 15. Mean age was 45 years old, the youngest was 24 and the oldest was 68. Most of the patients who suicide were diagnosed schizophrenia（64.5% ）and affective disorder （ 13.0% ）. In - patients times less than one month was thirteen persons（41.9% ）, more than three months was fourteen persons（45.2% ） , and between them was four persons（ 12.9% ）. Most suicide happened at the ward restrooms and the toilets. The most common methods of suicide was hanging（41.9% ）and eating foreign body（25.8% ）. Suicide take place in between 0am -8am was 12 （38.7%） , 8am-4pm was 11 （35.5%） and 4pm - 12pm was 8（25.8% ）. There were 13 persons suicide take place in rest days and 18 in working day. In all 31 case Only one person dead. Conclusions： In - patients less than one month and more than three months are risk factors of suicide. Hanging was the most common methods of suicide for Hospitalized psychotics. Most suicide happened at the ward restrooms and toilets. Suicide took place in rest days are higher than working days. Completed suicide was high too.