栉孔扇贝春季升温育苗与保苗技术研究

Preliminary studies on spring seed production of Chlamys farreri and temporary cultivation of the seedings in shrimp pond

栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri在中国海水养殖业中占有十分重要的地位,但目前苗种来源仍多采用半人工采苗的方法,苗种数量和质量均无法保证,已经严重制约了产业的发展。2007年2～6月,笔者在红岛蛤原良种有限公司进行了春季升温育苗试验,采取在自然水温很低的情况下(6.9℃),逐步升温促熟,经过23d室内亲贝暂养,在52m3水体中共培养出库稚贝(壳长719.58±65.74μm)12.8×106粒,保苗后壳长4.923mm×5.661mm稚贝8.3×106粒。此次出库稚贝的中间培育采用改造后的虾池(5.33hm2),在虾池中打桩拉浮绠,每隔1.5m悬挂浮球一个,吊养保苗袋,虾池中水温适宜,饵料生物丰富,提高了稚贝成活率,平均保苗率高达65%。

Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri plays an important role in China＇s maricuhure. The seeds of this species were collected artificially from natural waters at present. Thus, it is difficult to meet the needs in quantity and quality and the development of the industry is seriously limitted. The artificial reproduction experiment in spring was carried out from February to June of 2007 in Hongdao Clam Original and Eugenic Breed Development Co. Ltd. Under relative low water temperature （ about 6.9℃ ）, by promoting water temperature gradually, the induced mature was obtained. After 23 days＇ indoor culture, the parents spawned. In the water body of 52 m^3, 12. 8 × 10^6 seeds with mean shell height 719. 58 ±65.74 μm were got. After the temporary cultivation, there were 8.3 × 10^6 individuals. Temporary cultivation was carried out in the mended shrimp pond. Because of the suitable temperature and abundant bait-organisms in the shrimp pond, the survival rate of the juvenile was increased, reaching 65%.