老舍文化身份与文学观念的复杂性及其汉语写作的多重价值取向

The Complexity of Lao She’s Cultural Identities,Literary Conceptions and the Various Value Tendencies in His Chinese Writings

学界关于老舍的写作代表着现代汉语民族化方向的论断是值得怀疑的。老舍的文化身份与文学观念十分复杂,这决定了其汉语写作的价值取向不可能是单一的。北京下层平民社会生活的经历,使他的汉语写作贴近民间,具有一定的地域文化特色;同时,作为一个典型的现代精英知识分子,一个能够用双语写作的小说家,他的汉语写作也具有明显的欧化、雅化、审美化倾向。"民族化"、"通俗化"只是其文学追求的比较显在的方面。在老舍文学观的深层,有着强烈的反对功利化、注重文学自身审美功能的倾向,这使得他在为配合抗战,利用民间形式进行写作时,时常因不得不放弃自己的美学追求而产生不安与焦虑。

The academic conclusion that Lao She＇ s Chinese writings represent the nationality of modern Chinese is suspicious. Because Lao She＇ s cultural identities and literary conceptions are very complicated, which determines that the value tendencies in his Chinese writing be various. The childhood experiences as a poor resident in Beijing have made his Chinese writings close to fork lives and have local cultural features. At the same time, Lao She is a typical modern elite intellectual, a bilingual writer. His Chinese writings must have tendencies of Europeanization, elegant and aesthetical. Nationality and popularization are external characteristics in Lao She＇ s writings. In the internal aspect of Lao She＇ s literary conception, utilitarianism has been resolutely resisted, and the aesthetic function of literature has been firmly emphasized. So he felt very unrest and anxious while he had to give up his aesthetic ideal and use folk forms in his writings for the Anti- Japanese War.