永州市零陵区城乡居民肿瘤相关知识、态度、行为调查

Investigation on Tumor-related Knowledge,Attitude and Behavior Among Urban and Rural Residents in Lingling District,Yongzhou City

目的了解零陵区城乡居民肿瘤防治相关知识、态度、行为和健康教育需求情况。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,对样本单位35岁以上的常住居民进行问卷调查,应用EP16.0建立数据库,通过SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果肿瘤相关知识11项危险因素中,知晓率最高的是吸烟(66.49%),知晓率最低的是危险性行为和生育(9.34%),有7项农村与城区居民差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肿瘤早期相关信号识别率最高是疣或痣增大(71.12%),对信号识别差的是长期声音嘶哑、持续消化不良、发热、大便习惯改变,识别率分别为15.75%、21.47%、21.93%、21.93%。除疼痛1项外,余11项识别率农村与城区居民的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肿瘤相关预防措施中对坚持运动的预防措施认知最高(83.09%),对防止慢性感染的预防措施认知最差(25.17%)。农村与城区居民相比较,10项措施中,除不酗酒1项两者比较差异无统计学意义外,9项差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肿瘤相关不良生活习惯依次是饮酒(50.27%)、常吃盐腌熏烤食品(46.95%)、吸烟(31.81%)。10项行为中,8项差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),仅饮酒、常吃蔬菜2项城乡差异无统计学意义。95%以上的城乡居民愿意学习、了解肿瘤相关知识。结论零陵区城乡居民对肿瘤相关知识的知晓率、危险因素早期信号识别率以及预防措施知晓率均较低,城乡居民对肿瘤疾病危害和影响人民的生活、生存质量和平均寿命没有足够的了解和重视。提示,尽快加强相关防病知识与预防措施的健康教育迫在眉睫,危险因素和早期信号尤应成为重点的教育内容。

Objective To know the tumor- related knowledge, attitude, behavior and the needs of health education among the urban and rural residents in Lingling District of Yongzhou. Methods A questionnaire survey of tumor- related knowledge, attitude and behavior was conducted by cluster random sampling in the permanent residents aged over 3.5 years of the sampling units. The database was established by EP16.0 software, and statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 13.0. Results Among the 11 items of tumor- related riSk factors, the awareness rate of smoking was the highest （66.49 % ）, while the awareness rate of dangerous sexual behavior and fertility was the lowest （9.43 % ）, there was a significant difference in 7 items of tumor- related risk factors between the urban and rural residents （P〈 0.01）. The highest signal recognition rate in early stage of tumor was the growth of warts or nevi （71.12%）, while the signal recognition rates of long -term hoarseness, durative dyspepsia, fever, and the change of bowel habit were lower, with the cognitive rates of 15.75%, 21.47%, 21.93%, and 21.93%, respectively. There were significant differences in the other 11 items of signal recognition rates between the urban and rural residents except the pain （P〈 0.01）. Among the preventive measures of tumor - related diseases, the awareness rate Of persisting in exercise was the highest （83.09%）, while the awareness rate of preventing chronic infection was the lowest （25.17 % ）. In 10 items of preventive measures, significant differences were found in 9 items between the rural and urban residents except non- alcoholism （P〈 0.01）. Unhealthy living habits of tumor- related diseases were drinking（50.27 % ）, eating pickled or roast food frequently （46.95 % ）, and smoking（31.81% ）. Among the 10 items of living habits of tumor - related diseases, there were significant differences in the 8 items between the urban and rural residents （P〈 0.01） except drinking and eating vegetable frequently. Over 9.5 % of the urban and rural residents desired to learn more knowledge about tumor - related diseases. Conclusions The awareness rate of tumor - related knowledge, the recognition rate of prophase risk factor, and the cognitive rate of preventive measures are all lower among the urban and rural residents in Lingling District. The residents do not have a clear grasp of the meaning of quality of life, the average life- span, and the hazard of tumor - related diseases. The results suggest that strengthening health education about prevention of tumor - related diseases and preventive measures is urgent, and education about the risk factors and the prophase manifestations should be the major content.