21世纪初中美制造能力差距缩小的证据及战略含义

The Decrease of the Gap of Sino-US Manufacture and Its Strategic Significance

本文对1998—2005年中美两国制造业内部结构进行了深入的比较,有三个重要的发现:一是中美制造能力差距在这七年间缩小的幅度是惊人的,即中国制造业增加值从为美国的13%提高到52%,到2007年则进一步上升到76%。二是中国制造业劳动力数增加了50%,其中资本和技术密集型制造业的劳动力增加数超过了劳动密集型制造业;而美国制造业则经历了劳动力数的减少。三是中国制造业劳动生产率提高了2.78倍,远高于美国49.5%。显然,中国制造能力迅速缩小与美国的差距意味着工业发展水平的提高,并使世界工业实力重排座次。

This paper addresses three important findings through investigating Sino-US manufacturing sectors from 1998 to 2005.First,the ratio of China＇s manufacturing value-added to the U.S.has risen to 76 percent in 2007.Second,China＇s labor force in manufacturing sector increased 50 percent,whereas the U.S.manufacturing employment experienced a declining.Third,from the perspective of different rates of productivity growth,China＇s manufacturing industries increases 2.8 time-fold on average,while the U.S.correspondent sectors increases only 50 percent over that period.As for production goes,China＇s manufacturing industry will keep its dynamic growth rate and change remarkably the global production network and industrial power.