摘要
利用显微镜和CCD图像采集工具对聚丙烯小球的布朗运动进行了研究,通过拍摄粒子运动图像并利用MATLAB程序进行图片处理,读取每一时刻布朗粒子的坐标.基于对大量数据的统计分析,计算出了玻尔兹曼常量,与理论值的相对误差约为4%.同时,验证了布朗运动位移服从正态分布以及粒子位移均方值与时间成正比的关系.
The Brownian motion of polypropylene particles is studied by using a computer image acquisition system, which consists of a microscope, a CCD camera and a user interface. The pictures captured are further analyzed with a MATLAB program and the coordinates of Brownian particles are read out. Based on the statistics of a large sample of data, the Boltzmann constant is determined at a relative error of 4%. Moreover, the Gaussian distribution of the displacements of Brownian particles and the linear growth of its second moment with time are verified.
出处
《大学物理》
北大核心
2009年第3期49-51,62,共4页
College Physics
关键词
布朗运动
玻尔兹曼常量
显微摄像系统
Brownian motion
Boltzmann constant
microscopic imaging system
