民国和田社会农业水利组织、水权制度及其生产效用

Agriculture Water Organization and Water Authority System and its Production Effectiveness in the Republic of China in Hetian

水资源条件、水权制度及水利开发的社会组织形式,是影响绿洲灌溉农业发展和生态环境的重要因素。由清代到民国和田社会的生产关系发生了重大变化,垦荒活动蓬勃兴起。本文联系和田农业灌溉水资源环境,着重考察民国时期和田绿洲出现的社会水利组织及其在大规模垦荒活动中起到的作用,并通过对和田水权"区村制度"的分析,探讨了该制度的特点及其在农业开发中的实际效用。结论认为,民国时期和田社会大规模垦荒活动的兴盛与萎缩与该水利组织和水权制度具有较密切的联系。

The water resources condition, water authority system and water conservancy orgamzatlon torm are the important factors effectting irrigation-agriculture development in oasis. From Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the production relation in Hetian society had changed greatly, and the reclamation activity had flourished. The author in this paper introduced the water resource environment of agricultural irrigation in Hettan, especially investigated the arising of social water conservancy organization and its roles in the large scale reclamation in Hetian oasis of the Republic of China. Furthermore, the author in the paper studied the water Authority System namely so-called District-Village System in Hetian, and probed its character and effectiveness in agriculture development. The author concluded that there was a close relation between the prosperity and decline of reclamation and the water authority system in the Republic of China.