近代江南新型灌溉经营形式——“包打水”研究

On Irrigation Machine Especially for Rent in Jiangnan Region during Modern Times

"包打水"是近代江南地区的机械灌溉经营形式,它的产生与当地的经济社会发展有直接关系。灌田公司是"包打水"的重要经营载体,它有公私经营和规模大小之分,公司经营在内部运作、灌溉服务以及收费标准等方面都有一套管理办法。"包打水"具有行业利润丰厚,灌溉效能高、成本低,能实现公司和农户利益双赢等优点,20世纪二三十年代在江南局部地区得到较快推行,成为江南稻作机械灌溉的主要经营形式。抗战爆发后"包打水"迅速衰落。

The Irrigation Machine Especially for Rent （IMER） was a form of operating a new-styled irrigation machine in modern times, whose emerging related directly to the social and the financial development in Jiangnan region. The firms of IMER were the main body of operating the machine irrigation, which distinguished between public- and private operation, between the large- and small scale, had a set of management methods on internal operation, irrigation service and the standard of charges. The IMER possessed many advantages, such as great profit, high-efficiency, lower cost, win-win situation for both company and farmer and so on. The IMER became the main management form of the machine irrigation in rice cultivation during the 1920＇s and the 1930＇ s, and spread widely in part of Jiangnan region. The IMER quickly declined after the war of Japanese army agression broke in 1937.