流域水质安全事件应急体系设计

Design of system for emergent response to watershed pollution accidents

基于针对广东东江的设计实践总结了流域水质安全事件预防和应急体系的设计思路、内容和方法。考虑的水质安全事件涵盖了由有害物质泄漏造成的突发污染事件和常规污染源引起的水质污染事件;设计了包括各级政府部门、咨询专家和技术队伍的应急组织体系;介绍了针对突发事件和非突发事件的危险源识别和风险分布分析方法,组成预警系统的监控体系、预警条件和预警信息流程,包含应急技术措施矩阵、应急决策图表和计算机辅助决策指挥系统的应急技术预案。

Using the Dongjiang River Basin as an example, the idea, contents and methods are discussed for the design of a prevention and emergent response system for watershed water quality safety events. The water quality safety events include pollution accidents caused by sudden release of hazardous substances and events caused by ordinary pollution sources. The designed organizations that deal with pollution events consist of different government departments, experts and technical teams. Methods are introduced for risk analysis and dangerous pollution sources identification, including emergent pollution accidents and ordinary pollution events. An early warning system has been designed with a monitoring system, early warning condition and early warning information flow. Technical tools for emergent response have been developed, including a matrix of various technical measures for handling the events, a series of tables and charts for aiding quick judgment during emergency response, and a computer decision-making support system.