不同链长烷基糖苷硫酸酯盐的合成

Synthesis of alkyl polyglucoside sulfates with different alkyl groups

分别以十二、十四烷基糖苷(APG)为原料,硫酸为硫酸化试剂,尿素为催化剂,V(甲苯)∶V(吡啶)=7∶3的混合溶液为溶剂,合成了烷基糖苷硫酸酯,然后强碱中和,合成了不同链长烷基糖苷硫酸酯盐.通过正交实验确定了较佳的反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量等,尿素用量为反应物的2%,n(APG)∶n(H2SO4)=1∶1.3,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为2.5h.测定了烷基糖苷硫酸酯盐的表面张力、临界胶束质量浓度、乳化力、润湿力等性能.结果表明,烷基糖苷硫酸酯盐具有良好的表面活性.

The alkyl polyglucoside sulfates with different alkyl groups were synthesized from dodecyl polyglucoside or tetradecyl polyglucoside with sulphuric acid as sulfating agent at present of urea as catalyst in toluene and pyridine as solvent. Effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of raw material, dosage of catalyst on the reaction had been investigated through orthogonal test L9 （ 3^4 ） . The intermediates were obtained with higher transition of sulphuric acid when urea was 2%, APG and H2SO4, in tool ratio 1 ： 1.3, reacted at 90℃ for 2.5 h. The tital products were obtained from the esterification products by hydrolysis and neutralization. Then surface tension, critical micelle concentration （cmc）, emulsifying properties, wet ability and HLB value of alkyl polyglucoside sulfates were determined. The results show that the products have good surfactivity.