中国苹果树腐烂病发生和防治情况调查

Investigations on the occurrence and control of apple canker in China

2008年4～5月，通过国家苹果产业技术体系网络系统，对我国10个苹果主产省市的147个果园进行了苹果树腐烂病发生和防治情况调查。结果显示，在所调查苹果树中，总体发病率达52．7％。随着树龄的增大，腐烂病发病株率提高，4～10年生果树株发病率为26．8％，11～17年树龄的果树株发病率为54．0％，18~24年树龄的树株发病率为59．3％。不同省份之间以及不同品种之间，腐烂病在发生程度上存在一些差异，但不很明显。在腐烂病的化学防治中，石硫合剂是使用最多的药剂。在刮治病斑中，使用最多的是福美胂，其他还包括松焦油、腐殖酸、腐殖酸铜、过氧乙酸等。调查中发现防治腐烂病的用药比较混乱，由于福美胂毒性高，在无公害果园生产中已被禁用，因此研究替代福美胂的药剂成为当务之急。

From April to May in 2008, the occurrence and control status of the apple canker were investigated in 147 orchards located in major apple production areas. The results showed that the incidence of apple canker was about 52. 7% in general. As trees getting older, the disease tended to get worse. The disease incidences were 26. 8%, 54. 0% and 59.3% for the trees at the age of 4--10, 11--17, and 18--24 years, respectively. It seemed that there were some differences for the occurrence of the disease among different regions and among different eultivars. As for the chemicals to prevent apple canker, lime sulphur was the most popular one, followed by asomate, pine tar oil, humic acid, mixture of humic acid with copper sulphate, peroxyacetic acid and so on. Due to high toxicity, asomate was not allowed to be used in orchards. It is imperative to develop alternative products to substitute asomate.