贵州地质灾害形成条件与分布规律

The forming conditions and distribution laws of geological hazard in Guizhou Province

贵州处于我国地势第二台阶东部边缘的一部份，区内河谷发育，地质环境条件极其复杂，加之贵州充沛的大气降雨和强烈的人类工程活动是诱发贵州地质灾害频繁发生的主要因素。主要的地质灾害种类有滑坡、崩塌、地面塌陷、地裂缝和泥石流等，具有灾害种类多、发生频繁、规模大、造成的灾害严重、危害性大的特点；地质灾害主要分布在矿山集中地区，尤其是煤矿集中区和工程建设活动强烈的地区；从地貌及岩性条件来看，滑坡多发育于地形坡度较大的顺向坡碎屑岩分布区，崩塌则大多发生于地势陡峻的上陡下缓、上硬下软的地质结构基岩分布区，泥石流多分布在碎屑岩和工程建设集中地区，地裂缝和地面沉降则主要分布于地下开采的矿区。因此，地质灾害形成条件和诱发因素决定了地质灾害的分布。

Guizhou Province lies in the eastern edge of the second step of national terrain, where rivers and valleys are rich and geological condition is extremely complicated, also plenty of precipitation and strong engineering activities are the main reasons for frequent geological hazard. The main types of geological hazard include landslide, collapse, ground collapse, ground fissures, debris flow and so on, the characteristics cover multiple types, frequent occurrence, large scale, severe outcomes and great harmfulness; geological hazards are mainly distributed in mine concentrated areas especially coal mine concentrated area and engineering activities areas; from the point of landform and rock conditions, clastic rocks areas of large landform consequent slope are the main places of which landslide occurred, areas of upper stratum with hard and steep rocks, lower stratum with soft and flat rocks are the main places of which collapse occurred, areas of clastic rocks and engineering concentrated are the main places of which debris flow occurred, areas of underground mine exploitation are the main places of which ground fissures and ground collapse occurred. So the distribution of geological hazard is determined by the forming conditions and inducing factors of that.