文物建筑基础加固保护的若干技术进展

Several Case Histories of Foundation Reinforcement Technologies for Historical Architecture Protection

鉴于国内文物建筑保护的基础加固工程尚处于发展阶段、相关经验较少的现状,归纳总结了国外文物建筑保护的若干基础加固技术,结合成功应用的工程实例作了相应介绍,希望对国内文物建筑保护的基础加固工程有所参考和借鉴。介绍的技术包括:换填法、静压桩托换法、灌浆加固法以及有限元模拟分析法。以吴哥巴戎寺北图书馆的基础加固工程为例,介绍了基础材料的换填技术;以塔尔图大学主楼的基础加固工程为例,介绍了静压桩托换法在基础加固工程中的应用;以罗马圣玛丽教堂的开挖地下室工程为例,介绍了灌浆加固法在基础加固工程中的应用;以圣彼德堡证券交易所建筑物为例,介绍如何利用有限元模型确定裂缝产生原因。实际选用何种基础加固技术,应结合具体工程的建筑特点和结构特点,选出最优方案,并在施工过程中和完工后进行观察和监测。

The domestic studies on the reinforcement of the foundations of historical architecture protection are still at the starting stage, lacking of experiences and unsystematic. In view of these facts, several technologies of foundation reinforcement for historical architecture protection abroad are introduced, through some practical engineering examples. It will be useful for reference to our country in this field. The technologies include exchanging-fill method; the jacked pile method; grouting and using finite element method. In this paper, four cases histories of foundation reinforcement are introducesd： （1） restorations of foundation of Northern Library of Bayon Temple in Angkor by replacement method, （2） strengthening the foundations of the main building of Tartu University by jacked pile, （3） reinforcement of the foundations of St. Mary＇s Basilica in Roman by grouting, （4） identifying the reason for the crack development of the building of Stock Exchange in Saint Petersburg by finite element method. Choosing the optimum result must be combined with the building characteristics and the structural characteristics of the special project. Engineering situation must be observed and monitored during the reinforcement process even after the reinforcement.