论隐喻——指导语言学博士研究生记实

On Metaphor——Inspiration from the Instruction of PhD Candidates of Linguistics

近年来,认知语言学者重视研究隐喻,但隐喻的性质、作用等问题尚须探讨。隐喻是相似客体在社会文化环境中通过语言在言语机制和言语活动中的代替,要多角度研究隐喻。隐喻是一种认知方式,但不是唯一的也不是最主要的认知方式。不管在言语机制或言语活动中,隐喻固然重要,直赋其事更不可少。隐喻映射的主要是事物的相似点,而不是整个事物的代替。

In recent years, Cognitive linguists began to focus on the study of metaphor. However, such issues as the nature and functions of metaphor are still marginalized topics which need further studying. Metaphor refers to the substitution of the similar objects in socio-cuhural situation through language by means of speech activities and speech mechanisms. That is why it is necessary for us to study it from multi-angles. Metaphor is a way of cognition, but it is not the only and the most essential one. Though metaphor is very important in both speech mechanisms and speech activities, anyhow, to state directly is necessary too. What metaphor reflects is the similarities other than the substitution of the whole.