论主题-主语的突显与对应关系

On Prominence and Correspondence Relationship Between Topic and Subject

主题与主语是现代语言学语篇与句法研究的两个重要概念。在汉语宾语前置句型中,前提的宾语与主语可分别看做第一主题和第二主题。然而,汉语宾语前提的位置比较灵活,既可前提至主语之前,也可前提至主语与动词之间。本文基于原型论(prototypicality)、突显观(prominence view)及交际力(communicative dynamism)等理论,通过实验调查发现:宾语前置句主语的确定取决于其是否为相关动词的原型施事或原型经历体,而具有原型特征的名词(短语)可被视为主语;当第一、第二主题均符合相应原型主语特征时,第一主题可被视为宾语,第二主题可被视为主语。此外,本文还就上下文对宾语前置句主语的确定作用进行讨论。

Topic and Subject are two important concepts in textual and syntactic studies of modem linguistics. The subject and preposed object in Chinese object pre-posed sentences can be analyzed into Topic Ⅰ and Topic Ⅱ. However, the object in Chinese language can be pre-posed either before the subject or between the subject and the predicate. Based on the prototype theory, prominence view and communicative dynamism, the investigation of this study has come up with the following conclusion： The Topic that embodies prototypical features of the Agent or the Experiencer is analyzed as the Subject. If both Topic Ⅰ and Topic Ⅱ show prototypicality, the former is analyzed as the Object and the latter the Subject. Finally, the role of co-text in determining Topic and Subject is discussed.