4[1]Parland M,Noble LM,Livingston G.The effectiveness of problem-based learning compared to traditional teaching in undergraduate psychiatry[J].Med Educ,2004,38(8):859-867.
5[3]Valaitis RK,Sword WA,Jones B,et al.Problem-based learning online:perceptions of health science students[J].Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract,2005,10(3):231-252.
2Rhem J. Problem-based learning:an introduction[J].Nation Teach Learn Forum,1998,(01):10.
3Barrows HS,Tamblyn RM. An evaluation of problem based learning in small group utilizing a simulated patient[J].Journal of Medical Education,1976,(01):52-54.
4Spinello E,Fischbach R. Problem-based learning in public health instruction:a pilot study of an online simulation as a problem-based learning approach[J].Educ Health(Abingdon),2004,(03):365-373.