清末新政与外蒙古独立

The New Policies in Later Stage of Qing Dynasty and the Independence of Outer Mongolia

清末,在外蒙古独立活动中,沙俄通过政治、军事、经济等活动对外蒙古进行了侵略,扮演了不容忽视的角色。日本也曾觊觎外蒙古,但沙俄的挑唆和侵略以及日本的威胁都不是外蒙古独立的直接原因。本文通过对史料的进一步挖掘,认为外蒙古独立的根本原因是清末逐渐削减对蒙古王公以往的优待,甚至勒索,而新政的推行,尤其"垦荒"成为外蒙古独立的导火线。

During the Outer Mongolia independence movement in later period of the Qing Dynasty, the Russian Empire played an important role of aggression in many aspects, such as politics, military, economy in Outer Mongolia. Though having been coveted by Japan and invaded by Russian Empire, Mongolia separated from China actually because of the reduction of preferential treatment of Mongolian nobility and extortion in the name of reclaiming the wasteland by Qing government.