公平、效率、平等观及启示性探讨——以马克思的劳动价值理论为基础

Exploring the Concepts of Fairness,Efficiency,Equality and Their Significances——On the Basis of Marx's Theory of Labor Value

建立在马克思的劳动价值论基础上的公平观内涵包括:社会成员公平支配自然资源,公平参加和支出劳动,公平交换劳动,公平地享受自由活动和社会活动的时间。社会必要劳动时间既体现公平支出劳动的公平观,又规定了平均的生产效率标准,体现了公平与效率的有机统一。社会制度因素影响公平、效率、平等的有机统一:资本主义制度使公平和效率相对立;社会主义制度使公平和效率实现有机统一,并且,通过发展公共事业和社会保障制度追求一定程度的平等,这对于中国具有重要的理论和现实意义;共产主义制度使公平、效率、平等实现有机统一,这个境界是人类社会追求的终极目标。

The connotation of the concept of fairness based on Marx＇s Theory of Labor Value means that the social members should fairly occupy the natural resources, fairly participate and use the labor, fairly exchange the labor, fairly enjoy the freedom of social activities. The socially necessary labor time not only reflects the concept of fairness for fairly using the labor, but also makes a regulation for the standard of production efficiency, which shows the organic unification between the fairness and the effi- ciency. Social system is one of the factors influencing the organic unification of the fairness, the efficiency and the equality： the capitalist system makes the fairness and the efficiency conflict to each other; the socialist system makes the fairness and the efficiency fulfill the organic unification, moreover, the society pursues the equality to some extend through developing public facilities and social security system, which has very important theoratical and practical significances for China; the communist system achieves the organic unification of the fairness , the efficiency and the equality. It is the ultimate goal that human society pursues.