最低工资制度对企业和劳动者福利的影响——基于一般均衡模型的扩展分析

The Impact of Minimum Wage on Welfare of Firm and Labor in China

新古典经济学对最低工资制度经济影响的传统判断,依赖于完全竞争市场、最低工资规定的完全覆盖以及无条件执行等假设,但是理论分析结果始终没有得到实证研究的有力支持。基于由产品市场和劳动力市场组成的一般均衡框架的分析可以更好地分析最低工资制度对中国经济的影响。在产品市场上,最低工资制度的实施将通过引发成本结构的变化使得部分企业退出市场竞争,其拥有的产品市场份额将由产业内的剩余企业分享。这一产品市场结构的调整,将使得劳动力市场上出现劳动力的企业间转移和部分劳动力的失业。研究显示,在实行最低工资制度后,某个行业内的就业可能在短期内出现上升,但最终整体经济的就业率还是会下降。

The neoclassical analysis of the economic effect of minimum wage practice is based on such notions as competitive market,and complete coverage and unconditional implementa-tion of minimum wage regulations.It is unfortunate that theoretical analyses of this kind have not been empirically supported.Instead,analyses on the framework of product market and labor market may provide more convincing answers to the issues of economic effect exer-ted by minimum wage practice.On the product market,the implementation of minimum wage rules will result in such situations as businesses retreating from the market,due to changes in cost structure and their market shares being taken over by the survivors in the trade.This structural adjustment of product market may result in an inter-business labor transfer or unemployment in labor market.Study shows that the implementation of minimum wage rules may lead to a temporary employment increase in some industry,but eventually an employment decline in the overall economy.