水分亏缺对膜下滴灌制种玉米生长及产量的影响

Effect of regulated deficit drip irrigation on growth characteristic and yield of plastic-film-mulched corn for seed

张掖国家重点灌溉试验站大田采用膜下调亏滴灌试验方法,在苗期、拔节、抽穗和灌浆期分别进行不同强度水分胁迫（土壤水分梯度：田间持水量的75%、60%、45%）,观察分析制种玉米对水分亏缺的反应。结果表明,拔节-抽穗期缺水抑制叶面积的扩展,造成植株矮小,产量降低;抽穗-灌浆期胁迫影响制种玉米库容建立,籽粒小,千粒重低;苗期-拔节、灌浆-成熟期缺水对产量影响甚微;持续或交替水分胁迫严重抑制叶龄进程,显著降低产量。据此提出了在拔节-灌浆期充分供水,成熟期减小供水、保持适度的水分亏缺的制种玉米节水高产水分调控模式。

The method of the field culture of drip irrigation with plastic film mulching was adopted in this experiment,and three levels（75%,60% and 45% of soil saturation contains water） were designed in seedling to jointing stage,jointing to tasseling stage,tasseling to filling stage and filling to maturing stage of corn.The results showed that drought stress restrained leaf area and plant height of corn,and the yield was seriously affected in jointing to tasseling stage;In tasseling to filling stage,owing to water stress on corn,the yield was affected because fewer of the grains of panicle and light of 1000-grain weight.The effects of water stress on yield of corn for seed were not evident in filling to maturing stage,but continuance or alternation water stress on the number of leaf and the yield of corn were significant.Therefore,the soil moisture-controlling mode of drip irrigationg corn was proposed to achieve water-saving and high-yielding,which means supply enough water to corn in jointing to filling stage,decrease water supply and maintain appropriate water deficit in filling to maturing stage.