孕前体质指数及孕期增重与母婴预后关系

Relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index,gestational weight gain and health of mother and infant

目的探讨正常孕妇孕前体质指数(BMI)及孕期增重对母婴健康影响。方法选取单胎初孕妇360人作为研究对象,按孕前BMI及孕期增重≤10,10.5～15,15.5～20,20.5～25,>25.5kg分组,并分别随访其妊娠结局。结果孕前肥胖组剖宫产、新生儿出生体重与正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肥胖组、孕期增重>15.5kg孕妇妊高征、妊娠期糖尿病明显增加(P<0.05),肥胖组孕期增重>10.5kg孕妇剖宫产明显增加(P<0.05);正常组孕期增重>20.5kg孕妇剖宫产明显增加(P<0.05);孕期体重增加与新生儿出生体重无关(P>0.05)。结论孕前体质指数是妊娠期并发症危险因素;孕期体重增加过多与妊娠结局有关,孕期合理控制饮食不会影响新生儿出生体重。

Objective To investigate the influence of the normal pregnant woman＇s pre-pregnancy body mass index （BMI） and gestational weight gain on the health of mother and infant. Methods Three hundreds and sixty cases of monomorphic primiparas were selected and divided according to the pre-pregnancy BMI and the gestational weight gain into groups of no more than 10,10 - 15,15.5 -20 ,20. 5 - 25kg,and more than 25.5kg. All their pregnancy outcomes were followed up. Results The cesarean section rate and neonatal weight of the pre-pregnancy obesity group had no difference compared with the pre-pregnancy normal weight group（ P 〉 0. 05 ）. The occurrence rate of pregnancy induced hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus of the pre-pregnancy obesity group and the group with pregnancy weight gain was more than 15.5kg showed significant increase（ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The cesarean section rate of pregnant women with gestational weight gain more than 10. 5kg showed an evident increase among the obesity group（ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The cesarean section rate of those with pregnancy weight gain more than 20. 5kg had an evident increase in the normal group （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The gestational weight gain was not related to the neonatal weight （ P 〉 0. 05）. Conclusion The pre-pregnancy body mass index is a risk factor for the occurrence of pregnancy complications. Excess gestational weight gain is related to pregnancy outcome and reasonable diet control during pregnancy can not influence the neonatal weight.