海南藏族自治州4～17岁人群先天性心脏病调查

Epidemiological investigation on congenital heart diseases in Hainan region of Qinghai province

目的分析青海省海南藏族自治州4～17岁人群先天性心脏病(CHD)状况和分布特点。方法采用整体普查法,对青海省海南藏族自治州53827名幼儿园、中小学4～17岁人群进行流行病学调查。结果CHD患病率为5.68‰,其中男性患病率为3.95‰,女性患病率为7.66‰,男女患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。在CHD的不同类型中,房间隔缺损患病率最高,为1.84‰,占CHD总数的32.35%;其他类型CHD患病率由高到低依次为:室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭及其他类型,不同病种之间患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。不同年龄段人群之间患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),<7岁患病率为2.92‰,与其他各年龄组患病率相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。兴海县为8.90‰,同德县为7.20‰,贵南县为5.88‰,共和县为5.78‰,贵德县为3.80‰,不同县的患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患病率与海拔高度无相关关系。不同民族患病率由高到低依次为:回族8.21‰,土族7.26‰,汉族7.18‰,藏族4.57‰,蒙古族4.18‰,藏族、蒙古族较低,与汉族、土族、回族患病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论青海省海南藏族自治州CHD人群存在区域、民族、性别差异。

Objective To investigate the distribution of congenital heart diseases（CFID） in children aged 4 - 17 in Hainan region of Qinghai province. Methods Heart auscultation and echocardiography examination on 53827 children from Hainan region of Qinghai province were conducted. Results The overall morbidity of CHD was 5.68%o, with 3.95%0 in males and 7.66%o in females. Significant difference of prevalence rates was found between different sex（ x^2 = 32. 681 ,P 〈 0. 001 ）. Atrial septal defect（32.35% ） was noticed as the most common lesion. The next was ventricular septal defects,patent ductus arteriosus and others with significant difference （ x^2 = 40. 566, P 〈 0. 001 ）. Morbidity rates in different regions were 8.90‰ in Xinghai,7.20‰in Tongde,5.88‰ in Guinan,5.78‰in Gonghe,and 3.80%o in Guide. There was no significant difference in morbidity rates with the increase of altitude. Morbidity rates in different ethnic groups were as follows： 6.37‰ in Han,3.70‰in Mongolian,6.42‰ in Tu,4. 05‰ in Tibetan,7.28‰ in Hui. Tibetan had a different morbidity rate compared to Han and Hui（ x^2 = 13.414, P 〈 0. 001 ; x^2 = 10. 904, P 〈 0. 005 ）. Conclusion There were significant regional, sex and ethnic differences in the morbidity of CHD in Hainan region of Qinghai province.