地震灾区居民抗震减灾认知及态度调查

Survey on knowledge,attitude of anti-earthquake and disaster mitigation among residents of disaster area

目的了解震后灾区居民抗震减灾的认知与态度,为灾后重建、构建抗震减灾策略提供思路。方法对甘肃省康县农村和县城部分灾民进行抗震减灾认知与态度的面对面问卷调查。结果调查对象933人中有610人不知道灾后如何自救,占65.4%;县城和农村灾民自救知识知晓率分别为40.1%,27.8%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);258人不知道"大灾后可能会出现传染病疫情",占27.7%;灾民获得灾害知识途径以大众传媒为主;灾民对当地政府灾后应急的及时程度与提供卫生服务的满意度均达到80.0%以上;703人认为灾后重建最大困难是资金缺乏,占75.3%;505人对灾后重建非常有信心,占54.1%。结论康县灾民抗震减灾认知度较低,应有效提高居民灾害认知与防灾减灾技能;同时应加强政府应对自然灾害的工作能力,完善防灾减灾系统。

Objective To provide a way for restoration and reconstruction of disaster area through surveying the knowledge and attitude of disaster resistance among residents of disaster area. Methods A face-to-face interview was conducted among the urban and rural residents in Kangxian county to collect data on their knowledge and attitude of disaster resistance. Results Of all the investigated people ,610 people （65.4%）didn＇ t know how to self-rescue after the earthquake, which had a significant difference between urban and rural residents（P =0. 000）. 258 people （27.7%） didn＇t know there was likely to appear epidemic of infectious diseases after earthquake. Over 80. 0% of interviewees thought they were satisfied with the efficiency of emergency actions and health services provided by local government. 703 people （ 75.3% ） believed that capital scarcity was the major hamper for the reconstruction of their home. 505 people （54. 1% ） had full confidence to reconstruct home. And mass media were found to be the main way for the residents to acquire the disaster knowledge. Conclusion The cognition rate of anti earthquake and disaster mitigation among the residents of Kangxian county is low,so it is very necessary for people to improve their knowledge and skills of disaster resistance,and meanwile for government to improve and complete the operational capability and system against the emergent natural disaster.