甘薯天蛾的交配行为及其影响因素

Mating behavior and its affecting factors of Agrius convolvuli(Lepidoptera:Sphingidae).

了解甘薯天蛾的交配行为习性是人工大量繁殖甘薯天蛾的关键之一。在室内条件下,采用行为生态学的研究方法,系统观察了甘薯天蛾的交配行为习性,对不同雌雄性比、空间环境和光照周期下甘薯天蛾的交配行为规律和交配率进行了研究。结果表明:甘薯天蛾在羽化后第2天开始交配,在第2天交配率最高,达到53.9%,随后交配率逐步降低;雌蛾只交配1次。在一天中,成虫交配时间发生在22:00—5:00,高峰期在22:00—24:00和3:00—5:00。雌雄性比、光照周期和空间环境对甘薯天蛾的交配成功率具有明显的影响,在全黑暗和全光照条件下不会发生交配行为,表明其交配行为发生需要一定光照和暗期的刺激;当雌雄性比为1∶1时交配率最高,为54.7%,在其他性比条件下甘薯天蛾的交配率明显降低;在空间规格为1.20m×0.60m×0.35m和2.00m×2.00m×2.00m时能够顺利交配,其交配成功率>62.0%。在人工繁殖甘薯天蛾的生产过程中,建议单对放养,采取适当的交配空间和应用自然光照周期营造条件将取得较好的交配产卵效果。

To understand the mating behavior of Agrius convolvuli is a key for its artificial rearing and reproduction. By the methods of behavior ecology, this paper observed the mating behavior of A. convolvuli moth, and investigated its mating pattern and mating rate under the conditions of different sex ratio, different space size, and different light period in laboratory. The results indicated that both the males and the females were able to mate on the second night after emergence. The mating rate on the second night was the highest （53.9%） and then decreased gradually, but females normally copulated only once in their whole life spans. The diurnal mating activity occurred from 22：00 to 5：00, and peaked from 22：00 to 24：00 and from 3：00 to 5：00. Furthermore, the mating rate was highly associated with sex ratio, light period, and space size. Newly emerged males and females could not mate in 24 h light or 24 h darkness, suggesting that the interchange of light and darkness was required for successful mating of A. convolvuli. The mating rate was the highest （54. 7% ） at the sex ratio of 1 female to 1 male, and decreased obviously at other sex ratios. Females and males could mate successfully in the spaces of 1.20 m × 0.60 m × 0.35 m and 2.00 m × 2.00 m× 2.00 m, with the mating rate over 62.0%. It was suggested that in the artificial rearing and reproduction of A. convolvuli, establishing proper sex ratio, mating space size, and light period would be beneficial to improve its mating rate and oviposition.