气候变化对青藏高原植被影响研究综述

Effects of climate change on vegetations on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:A review.

总结了20世纪60年代到21世纪初温度和降水对青藏高原植被时空变化的影响。在这40年里高原的温度和降水都呈增加趋势,但年际和季节变化以及地域性差异较大。受温度和降水的影响,植被变化的时空差异也较大。从植被覆盖角度看,中部和西北部植被趋于退化,而东南部植被状况在改善。同时,植被返青期和黄枯期发生变化;部分地区物种组成和群落结构改变;垂直和水平植被带推移;在植被净初级生产力总体呈现增加趋势的同时,一些地区的生物量有所下降;土壤碳库也随之发生相应改变;由于冻融和沙漠化,部分区域植被赖以生存的生态环境出现恶化。最后,建议在未来的研究中将定点观测和长期监测、微观和宏观结合起来,加强气候变化对青藏高原生态系统的综合研究。

This paper summarized the effects of air temperature and precipitation on the spatiotemporal variation of the vegetations on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from the 1960s to the early 2000s. During this period, both the air temperature and the precipitation in this area had a general increasing trend, but existed annual, seasonal, and geographical variability. Under the effects of this climate change, vegetations had larger spatial and temporal variations. The vegetation cover in central and northwest parts of the Plateau tended to decrease, while that in southeast part tended to improve. In the meanwhile, the timing of green- and yellow-turning of the vegetations as well as their species composition and community structure in some areas varied, and the vertical and horizontal vegetation belts moved. Net primary production showed a general increasing trend, while the biomass in some areas was decreasing and the eco-environment was deteriorating, mainly due to freeze-thaw erosion and desertification. The future long term researches at both micro and macro levels to further confirm the effects of climate change on the vegetations were recommended.