我国区域体育用品制造业经营管理绩效的综合评价——基于2003—2007年全国22个地区的实证研究

Comprehensive Evaluation of Achievement Regional Sporting Goods Manufacturing Operation and Management in China: An Empirical Study of 22 Provinces from 2003 to 2007

采用因子分析与主成分分析等综合评价方法，对2003-2007年全国22个省（市）、自治区体育用品制造业的经营管理绩效进行综合评价。区域体育用品制造业经营管理绩效5个单项维度的评价结果显示：近5年来，广东、浙江、福建、江苏、山东和上海体育用品制造业在企业发展能力、盈利能力及资产运营状况3个方面持续占据前6强，各纬度综合评价得分均高于国内平均水平，而综合排序处于第7～22位的地区多属中、西部，其各纬度综合得分皆低于全国平均水平，广东在盈利能力和资产运营两方面尤为突出；2003-2007年天津、湖南、河北、北京、安徽、辽宁和黑龙江等地债务负担均存在走高态势，2004年国内体育用品制造业债务状况最为严重，共9个省（市）高出全国平均债务水平，且2005年至今各地区体育用品制造业债务负担未曾出现明显缓解迹象；山东、浙江与江苏体育用品制造业的其他财务费用支出连续5年排名前三甲，而广东、福建和上海的其他财务费用支出综合排序明显下降。区域体育用品制造业经营管理绩效的综合评价结果表明：广东、福建、山东、江苏、浙江与上海体育用品制造业经营管理绩效连续5年保持前6强，其中广东5次蝉联全国第一，而其余16个地区体育用品制造业经营管理绩效水平处于全国平均水平之下。说明我国区域体育用品制造业已出现“强者趋强，弱者更弱”的现象，即“马太效应”愈演愈烈，且体育用品制造业的区域发展现状与国内“三大区域”经济增长格局相脱节。

Factor analysis and principal component analysis and other evaluation methods were adopted as the research method, the comprehensive evaluation of performance of the operation and management of sporting goods manufacturing industry from 2003 to 2007 in the 22 provinces （municipalities） and autonomous regions was conducted. The business and management of regional sporting goods manufacturing were evaluated from five independent index. The results showed that Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong and Shanghai occupy the flint six provinces in the capacity of business develop- ment, profitability, and asset management situation in the past 5 years, the comprehensive evaluation were higher than the national average level. The provinces which comprehensive evaluation ranked from the 7 to 22 are mostly in the western part and its comprehensive scoring is lower than the national average. Guangdong is in the leading position in profit capacity and asset management. From 2003 to 2007, Tianjin, Hunan, Hebei, Beijing, Anhui, Liaon- ing and Heilongjiang and other places have high debt burden posture, in 2004 the debt situation of the domestic sporting goods manufacturing industry be- came the most serious, a total of 9 provinces （municipalities） were higher than the national average level of debt, and since 2005 all regions of the sporting goods manufacturing sector debt burden has not been obvious signs of remission. In Shandong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, sporting goods manufacturing sector, other financial costs to be incurred for 5 consecutive years ranked top three, Guangdong, Fujian and Shanghai, other financial costs to be incurred in the comprehensive ranking has declined markedly. Regional sporting goods manufacturing business management performance evaluation results show that： Guangdong, Fujian, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai maintain the flint 6-keung in manufacturing operation and management of sports performance in 5 consecutive years and Guangdong won the first five times, and the remaining 16 areas of operation and management of sporting goods manufacturing industry in the level of performance were under the national average. The regional sporting goods manufacturing industry has emerged ＂the strong stronger, the weak weaker＂ phenomenon, that is, ＂Ma-state effect＂ increased, and sporting goods manufacturing industry in regional development and the status quo of ＂three regions＂ out of the economic growth pattern.