舍饲绒山羊发生骨质疏松症的因素分析

Factors of Osteoporosis Happened to Cashmere Goats Raised Indoor all Year Round

针对甘肃庆阳市某舍饲绒山羊场羊只存在的膘情差、肋骨开张不良、四肢不端正、成年羊早期掉牙、青年羊牙齿发育迟缓和角尖破损严重等现象,对该场羊只的日粮组成和管理方法进行详细调查,并随机采取20只5~6岁母羊血样,测定了血清中的钙、磷、三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）水平以及碱性磷酸酶活性（ALP）。结果表明：该场绒山羊（Ⅰ组）饲料单一、品质差、霉变现象较严重,日粮钙磷比例严重失调,而且饲养管理方法较落后。羊只血清磷水平为1.79 mmol/L,而来自另一羊场的健康羊（Ⅱ组）血清磷水平为1.95mmol/L,二者差异显著（P〈0.05）。Ⅰ组羊血清ALP活性达到（457.75±606.86）U/L,是Ⅱ组（95.80±60.09）U/L的4.78倍,其差异极显著（P〈0.01）。虽然两组血清T3水平差异不显著,但Ⅰ组血清T4水平明显高于Ⅱ组,分别为8.72±1.61和（8.08±1.31）μg/dL,（P〈0.05）。由此可见,该场羊只患有严重的骨质疏松症,日粮钙磷比例失调是导致骨质受损的主要因素。

The objectives of this study were to find out the reasons why the some cashmere goats raised indoor all year round on a farm in Qingyang City,Gansu Province were thin and weak,poor vitality,narrow thorax,crooked legs,and 5~6 years old does lost some teeth and the yearling does were of poor teeth growth and damaged horns.The ration ingredients and management methods were investigated carefully and 20 blood samples were collected randomly from 5~6 years old does for the determinations of calcium（Ca）,phosphorus（P）,triodothyronine（T3）,thyroxine（T4） and activity of alkaline phosphatase（ALP） in serum.The results showed that the feedstuffs were simple on composition,Inferior on quality and serious mildewed.The ratio of Ca to P in ration was abnormal and the management methods to goats were backward.The serum P level of does in this farm（group Ⅰ） was 1.79mmol/L,which was lower significantly than that of healthy goats in group Ⅱ）（1.95 mmol/L）（P〈0.05）.The serum ALP level of group Ⅰwas 457.75±606.86 U/L,which was 4.78 times as that of group Ⅱ（95.80±60.09 U/L）,so the difference between two groups was very significant（P〈0.01）.The serum T4 level of groupⅠwere higher than that of group Ⅱ（8.72±1.61 μg/dL vs 8.08±1.31 μg/dL,P〈0.05）,although there was no difference between serum T3 levels of two groups.To sum up,the goats in this farm had been suffered from serious osteoporosis and the main reason was the abnormal ratio of Ca to P in ration.