水氮运筹对两种穗型小麦品种产量的效益分析

Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen on Yield and Model Analysis in Winter Wheat with Two Spike-typles

在大田条件下,研究了灌水(W)和施氮量(N)对大穗型品种豫麦66与多穗型品种豫麦49产量的影响。结果表明,增加灌水次数和施氮量对两品种穗数及穗粒数均有促进作用,以W2(灌两水)、W3(灌三水)和N2(225 kg/hm2)、N3(300 kg/hm2)处理较高。氮肥对千粒质量的影响豫麦66为以N2处理最高,继续增施氮肥反而降低,而豫麦49则随施氮量增加而降低。豫麦66灌水次数与千粒质量间呈负相关,而豫麦49的为正。两品种产量表现为W2>W3>W1(灌一水)和N2>N3或N1(150 kg/hm2)>N0(0 kg/hm2),W2N2处理为最佳水氮组合。根据水氮投入和产量结果建立产量与氮肥和灌水的回归方程,水氮均有显著的增产作用,但氮素效应大于水分。豫麦66表现出水氮正交互效应,而豫麦49为负。在拔节期灌一水,豫麦66和豫麦49的最佳施氮量分别为190.8 kg/hm2和373.8 kg/hm2,其产量分别为5 773.2 kg/hm2和7 259.7 kg/hm2。在灌二水下豫麦66和豫麦49的最佳施氮量分别为202.5 kg/hm2和325.4 kg/hm2,产量为6 055.3 kg/hm2和7 633.1 kg/hm2,继续增加灌水,由于水氮投入增加和产量降低而导致经济效益降低。因此,水氮管理方案的制定,应依据当地生产条件并结合品种特性等因素进行。

Under field conditions,effects of irrigation and nitrogen on yield and its component in Yumai66 with big-spike type and Yumai49 with many-spike type were studied.The results indicated that the grain yield characteristics were significantly affected by irrigation and nitrogen.When irrigation frequency and nitrogen application increased,the number of spikes and grains per spike enhanced with more value of W2（irrigation two times）and W3（irrigation three times）,N2（225 kg/hm2） and N3（300 kg/hm2）.The 1000-grain weight decreased for Yumai 66,but increased for Yumai 49 with irrigation frequency increased,when nitrogen application enhanced,1000-grain weight decreased for Yumai 49,and firstly increased and then decreased for Yumai 66 with N2 highest.Grain yield of both cultivars showed the same tendency of N2 〉N3 and N1（150 kg/hm2）〉N0（0 kg/hm2）and W2〉W3〉W1（irrigation one time）,and W2N2 was the most economic matching pattern of nitrogen and irrigation considering yield and cost.Based on input of nitrogen and irrigation and final yield,water and nitrogen coupling model was put forward,and water and nitrogen fertilizer effects were significant with the sequence of water〉nitrogen.The interactive effect of irrigation and nitrogen was positive for Yumai66,but negative for Yumai49.In the wheat field with irrigation only in jointing,the optimum rate of N of Yumai66 and Yumai49 were 190.8 kg/hm2 and 373.8 kg/hm2 to harvest a maximum yield of 5773.2 kg/hm2 and 7259.7 kg/hm2,respectively,while in the wheat field with irrigation in jointing and booting,the optimum rate of N of Yumai66 and Yumai49 were 202.5 kg/hm2 and 325.4 kg/hm2 to harvest a maximum yield of 6055.3 kg/hm2 and 7633.1 kg/hm2,respectively.It is suggested,therefore,different and nitrogen regimes should be chosen in production practice based on cultivar traints and local production conditions.