淮北地区抗虫棉的密度和钾肥产量效应研究

Research on the Yield Effects of the Density of Insect-resistant Cotton and Potassium Fertilizer in Huaibei Area

[目的]寻找适合淮北地区抗虫棉生产的最合理密度和钾肥施用量。[方法]以中棉45为供试品种，采用二次D-饱和最优设计探讨密度和钾肥施用量对常规抗虫棉产量及产量性状的影响。[结果]钾肥对常规抗虫棉果节数和成铃数的影响是正效应。而在整个生长盛’期，密度对常规抗虫棉果节数和成铃数的影响是负效应。从籽棉、皮棉和霜前花的产量方程分析看，密度和钾肥对这3种产量的影响都是正效应，除对霜前花的互作效应很小外，对籽棉和皮棉有较大的互作正效应。密度为40005～44775kg／hm^2。氯化钾在436．5～529．5kg／hm^2时，3种产量都最高，并且钾肥以基肥和初花期各施1／2效果最佳。[结论]该研究为淮北地区棉花的丰收提供了技术支持。

[ Objective ] The aim was to search for the most reasonable density and potassium fertilizer application amount, which were suitable for the production of insect-resistant cotton in Huaibei area. [ Method ] With Zhongmian 45 as tested cotton, the effects of density and potassium fertilizer application amount on the production and production characters of common insect-resistant cotton were discussed by quadratic Dsaturation optimization design. [ Result] The effect of potassium fertilizer on the fruit nodes number and bolls number of common insect-resistant cotton was positive, but in the whole flourishing period of growth, that of density was negative. Analysis on the yield equations of seed cotton, lint and prefrost harvested seedfiber indicated that the effects of density and potassium fertilizer on the 3 kinds of yields were positive and expect that the interaction effect on prefrost harvested seedfiber was very little, the positive interaction effects on seed cotton and lint were greater. When the density was 40 005 - 44 775 kg/hm^2 and the potassium chloride was between 436.5 and 529.5 kg/hm^2 , the 3 yields were all highest. The effect was best when half of the potassium fertilizer was applied as base fertilizer and the other half was applied in the early flower period. [ Conclusion] The research provided technological support for the abundant harvest of cotton foison in Huaibei area.