奶牛卵母细胞体外受精和胚胎培养研究

Study on Cow Oocyte in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Culture

[目的]探讨适合于奶牛体外胚胎生产的最佳条件。[方法]以奶牛卵母细胞为试验材料，研究不同温度、运送时间对奶牛卵母细胞成熟的影响，并比较在相同培养条件下孤雌激活和体外受精对奶牛卵母细胞胚胎发育的影响。[结果]卵巢在37—42℃运输后的成熟率（11．3％）明显低于20—30℃、30-37℃的成熟率（79．3％，85．1％），20～30℃、30～37℃组间差异不显著；运送时间6h后的卵母细胞成熟率（53．2％）明显低于4h内、4—6h的成熟率（85．6％，77．8％），4h内、4～6h差异不显著；孤雌激活和体外受精胚胎在相同条件下的卵裂率（72．41％，68．18％）、8细胞率（45．24％，47．22％）、囊胚率（25．60％，18．89％）差异均不显著。[结论]卵巢在30℃左右4h内运回实验室最适宜，而孤雌激活和体外受精胚胎在相同条件下发育率差异不显著。

Abstract [ Objective ] The aim of the study was to seek optimum conditions for in vitro embryo production. [ Method ] With cow oocyte as experiment material, the effects of different temperature and transport time on the mature cow oocyte were studied ; and the effects of parthenogenesis active and in vitro fertilization on cow oocyte embryonic development in the same condition were compared. [ Result ] The study showed that the mature rate of the oocyte after transport in 37 - 42 ℃ （ 11.3 % ） was obviously lower than those in 20 - 30℃ and 30 - 37 ℃ （79.3 %, 85.1% ） , the mature rate of oocyte after 6 h transport （53.2%） was much lower than that after 4h and 4 -6 h （85.6% , 77.8% ） , which were no obvious difference between the latter two. Under the same condition, parthenogenesis active and in vitro fertilization cleavage rate （72.41% ,68.18% ）, 8 Cell rate （45.24%, 47.22% ）, blastocyte rate （25.60%, 18.89% ） was no obvious difference. [ Conclusion]The storage of ovaries back to the laboratory within 4 h at about 30 ℃ was optimum. Under the same conditions, the development rate of partheno- genesis active and in vitro fertilization had no obvious difference.