元素-铅同位素示踪环境中铅污染物来源的研究

Application of Element and Lead Isotope Tracing to the Sources of Lead Pollutants in Environment

燃煤、工业三废排放、矿山开发及汽油的使用,加剧了环境中铅的污染。天然物质由于不同地区初始铅、铀和钍的含量以及形成年代不同,其铅同位素组成也不相同,这便成为铅的一种"地球化学指纹"特征。根据不同样品的铅同位素组成,结合铅同位素地球化学背景值,铅同位素这种"地球化学指纹"特征在判定环境中铅污染物来源发挥了独到的作用。介绍了铅同位素示踪在判定大气、土壤、沉积物和生物体内污染铅来源的研究研究进展及存在问题,为环境铅污染治理及人体铅中毒预防提供科学依据。

Lead pollution becomes more serious because of coal burning, using leaded gasoline, emissions from lead industry and mine exploitation. In different areas the composition of lead isotopes are distinct because the content and age of original lead, uranium and thorium in different natural substances are not equal, which becomes a geochemical fingerprint of lead. This characteristic offers a particular tool for judging the source of lead pollutants according to the different lead isotopic composition, industrial dispersion and background levels in different regions. This paper summarized the application of lead isotope tracing in judging the sources of lead pollutant in air, soil, sediment and organism, which provides scientific foundation for further study on the migration of lead pollutants, preventing lead poisoning and pollution.