利用RAPD技术对葱属品种遗传关系的分析

The analysis of genetic relationship among some Allium cultivars determined by RAPD markers

利用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术分析了我国栽培的几个主要葱属品种。所用的２０个引物，有１１个能扩增出重现性好且稳定的谱带，１０个品种共扩增出１０２条带，其中６８条具多态性。根据ＤＮＡ谱带计算的１０个品种相似系数范围为０．５７１～０．９４７。对１０个品种的ＵＰＧＭＡ聚类分析表明，章丘大葱（Ａｌｉｕｍｆｉｓｔｕｌｏｓｕｍｖａｒ．ｇｉｇａｎｔｕｍｃｖ．ＺｈａｎｇｑｉｕＷｅｌｓｈｏｎｉｏｎ）、天津五叶齐（Ａ．ｆｉｓｔｕｌｏｓｕｍｖａｒ．ｇｉｇａｎｔｕｍｃｖ．ＴｉａｎｊｉｎＷｕｙｅｑｉＷｅｌｓｈｏｎｉｏｎ）、上海分葱（Ａ．ｆｉｓｔｕｌｏｓｕｍｖａｒ．ｃａｅｐｉｔｏｓｕｍｃｖ．ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＳｐｒｉｎｇｏｎｉｏｎ）、南京冬葱（Ａ．ｆｉｓｔｕｌｏｓｕｍｖａｒ．ｃａｅｐｉｔｏｓｕｍｃｖ．ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＷｉｎｔｅｒｏｎｉｏｎ）和韩国大葱（Ａ．ｆｉｓｔｕｌｏｓｕｍｖａｒ．ｇｉｇａｎｔｕｍｃｖ．ＫｏｒｅａＷｅｌｓｈｏｎｉｏｎ）关系较近。根据聚类结果，将章丘大葱、天津五叶齐、上海分葱、南京冬葱、韩国大葱、细香葱（Ａ．ｓｃｈｏｅｎｏｐｒａｓｕｍ）以及楼葱（Ａ．ｆｉｓｔｕｌｏｓｕｍｖａｒ．ｖｉｖｉｐａｒｕｍ）归为葱组；而将胡?

Nine cultivars belonging to four species and one hybrid of Allium commonly cultivated in China were analyzed by RAPD markers to determine their genetic relationship. Of the 20 decamer nucleotide primers screened, 11 showed consistent banding patterns and amplification and produced 102 bands with 68 polymorphic. The similar indices among the materials ranged from 0.571 to 0.947. A. fistulosum var. gigantum cv. Zhangqiu Welsh onion, A. fistulosum var. gigantum cv. Tianjin Wuyeqi Welsh onion, A. fistulosum var. caepitosum cv. Shanghai Spring onion and A. fistulosum var. caepitosum cv. Nanjing Winter onion (Spring onion) had the highest similar indices of 0.947 and 0.942 respectively. Relationship between the cultivars determined by UPGMA cluster analysis demonstrated Zhangqiu Welsh onion, Tianjin Wuyeqi Welsh onion, Shanghai Spring onion and Nanjing Winter onion were clustered together respectively. The two Welsh onion cultivars, two Spring onion cultivars and Welsh onion from Korea were clustered very closely. A. schoenoprasum and A. fistulosum var. viviparum were subclustered further in the group of A. fistulosum, including A. fistulosum, A. schoenoprasum, A. ascalonicum and A. cepa were clustered together. The hybrid of Zhangqiu Welsh onion ×A. cepa was clustered very closely with A. ascalonicum and A. cepa, but clustered with the group of A. fistulosum with the furthest linkage distance. A. ascalonicum and A. cepa could be included in the group of A. cepa. The taxonomy of Allium was discussed on the basis of RAPD markers.