系统发育多样性测度及其在生物多样性保护中的应用

The phylogenetic diversity measurements and their uses in biodiversity conservation

生物多样性保护面临两个基本问题：如何确定生物多样性测度以及如何保护生物多样性。传统的生物多样性测度是以物种概念为基础的，用生态学和地理学方法确定各种生物多样性指数。其测度依赖于样方面积的大小，并且所有的物种在分类上同等对待。系统发育多样性测度基于系统发育和遗传学的理论和方法，能确定某一物种对类群多样性的贡献大小。该方法比较复杂，只有在类群的系统发育或遗传资料比较齐全时方能应用。本文认为，物种生存力途径和系统发育多样性测度相结合有助于确定物种和生态系统保护的优先秩序。

The conservation of boidiversity is faced with two basic problems: how to determine biodiversity measurements and how to conserve biodiversity. Based on species concept, the traditional ways for biodiversity measurements are to determine different kinds of biodiversity indices by using ecological and geographical approaches. These measurements depend on the size of sample areas in investigations and all species are valued equally in taxonomy. The phylogenetic diversity measurements of biodiversity are based on the theories and methods of phylogenetics and genetics and can determine contribution of a species in a taxon to the taxic diversity . But this approach is too complicated and can be used in conservation only when phylogenetic and genetic data are much complete. It is suggested that combination of species viability approach and the phylogenetic diversity measurements will contribute to determining the priority of species and ecosystem conservation.