论西方分权政制的理想型与衍生型

The Ideal and Transformed Patterns of Separation of Power Regime to Divide Powers in West

理想型分权政制的理论基础是纯粹分权学说,它强调极端的机构分立、职能分离和绝对的人员分离,但它却无法在实践中良好运作。在经历了种种实验之后,这种理论在实践中被修正了,形成了几种典型的衍生型模式:议会均衡政制、分权制衡政制、双轨均衡政制。衍生型分权政制都拒绝了绝对分权,提倡部分分权,都力图实现体制内控制价值与和谐价值的平衡。

The rationale of the ideal regime to divide power is the theory of dividing power purely, which emphasizes extreme separation of the organization, the function and the personnel. But it is difficult to operate in practice. After all sorts of experiments, this kind of theory has been revised, and it has formed several kinds of typical growing patterns： the parliamentary balanced constitution system, dividing powers system and the two-track balanced constitution system. These transformed patterns all refuse to divide powers absolutely, and all work hard to maintain balance between control and harmony in the system.