长白山次生林繁殖鸟的群落结构

THE STRUCTURE OF BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES IN THE SECONDARY FOREST AT CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN *

研究了长白山次生林繁殖鸟的群落结构及其与森林植被的关系。在３块林龄相同而样地面积不等的次生林中，繁殖鸟种类有随样地面积增加的趋势，繁殖鸟数量随面积的增加而增加更为明显。相似性指数测定表明，３样地鸟类群落组成基本相似，多样性指数也无显著差异。鸟类物种多样性与植被剖面层次多样性相关。边缘种随林缘长度的增加，种数系数不断增加。由林缘至林内５０ｍ宽的地带为鸟类高密度带。由边缘至林内３００ｍ后，鸟类密度有处于稳定状态的趋势。次生林中森林鸟占５８％，树洞巢鸟和冠层鸟密度不及原生林，灌木草本层鸟密度高于原生林。

This paper studied the structure of breeding bird communities in the secondary forest at Changbai Mountain.The results are as follows: 1.A total of 36 bird species were recorded in three sampling sites(Table 1).The numbers of species and pairs of breeding birds in each plot were:Ⅰ.23 species,40 5 pairs;Ⅱ.23 species,46 0 pairs;Ⅲ.27 species,73 5 pairs.Number of pairs generally increased with plot size. 2.The composition of breeding bird communities in the secondary forest showed a trend of increasing complexity with forest vegetation succession,from clear cutting slash to climax community. 3.There was a significant relationship between bird species diversity and vegetation stratum diversity, r=0 85,P<0 05 (Table 3). 4.Species number coefficient of edge species generally incresed with the length of forest edge.The density of breeding bird within 50 m from forest edge was highest,being 45 paris/10 hm 2 in plot Ⅱ and 57 pairs/10 hm 2 in plot Ⅲ,respectively,and it decreased between 100 m and 150 m.At distances longer than 300 m from edge,the densities remained at a similar level(Fig.2). 5.The species number of the forest birds was 58% of total species in the secondary forest (20 years of age) plot.The density of cavity nesting and canopy nesting birds in the secondary forest plot was far lower than that in the primary broad leaved Korean pine forest plot.But the density of bush and ground nesting brids in bush and grass of the secondary forest plot was more than that in the primary forest plot.