白菜型油菜与蓝花子杂交的初步研究

Preliminary study on hybridization between Brassica campestris and Raphanus sativus L var Raphanistroides Makino

通过胚胎培养，成功地获得了白菜型油菜（Ｂｒａｓｉｃａｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ）与蓝花子（ＲａｐｈａｎｕｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓＬｖａｒｒａｐｈａｎｉｓｔｒｏｉｄｅｓＭａｋｉｎｏ）的属间杂种。该杂种具有两种类型；一种为大花类型，一种为小花类型。对它们进行花粉母细胞减数分裂的观察结果表明：小花类型为未加倍的杂种ＭＩ，存在１９个未配对染色体，大花类型为加倍或部分加倍杂种，加倍类型ＭＩ，１９个二价体排列在赤道板上；部分加倍类型ＡＩ，具有１０－１０－９的染色体组分割现象。大花类型具有可育性；它能够产生很多ｎ＝１９及ｎ＝９、ｎ＝１０的正常配子。染色体组分割能够产生倍半二倍体，它能用来研究染色体的功能和开展染色体工程。

Through embryo rescue, we successfully obtained the hybrid between Brassica campestris L and Raphanus sativus L var raphanistroides Makino that has two kinds of flowers: one larger, the other smaller The larger-flowered has better fertility than the smaller-flowered The observation on their meiosis showed that the smaller-flowered was chromosome undoubled At MI, there were 19 unpaired chromosomes The larger-flowered was the chromosome-doubled or partly chromosome-doubled hybrids 19 bivalents were arranged on the equatorial plate of Chromosome-doubled hybrid, at MI In PMCs of partly chromosome-doubled hybrid, there occurred “chromosome set fractionation”(10-10-9) The larger-flowered can produce some normal gametes of n=19、n=9、n=10 Thus, they had some fertility Through “chromosome set fractionation”, sesquidiploids may occur, which can be very useful in chromosome function research and chromosome engineering