旅游和工业化对亚热带森林地区大气环境质量及两种木本植物叶绿素荧光特性的影响

EFFECT OF TOURISM AND INDUSTRIALIZATION ON THE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY OF SUBTROPICAL FORESTS AND ON CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE OF TWO SPECIES OF WOODY PLANTS

研究了旅游、工业化等不同类型的人类活动对亚热带森林大气ＣＯ２、ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ浓度及两种木本植物———木荷（ＳｃｈｉｍａｓｕｐｅｒｂａＧａｒｄｎ．ｅｔＣｈａｍｐ．）和马尾松（ＰｉｎｕｓｍａｓｏｎｉａｎａＬａｍｂ．）叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明，不同形式人类活动使森林中大气ＣＯ２浓度上升了１７～３０μｍｏｌ·ｍｏｌ－１，ＮＯｘ化合物的浓度上升了５～２０ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｏｌ－１，ＳＯ２浓度上升了２～１９ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｏｌ－１。森林大气中ＣＯ２、ＮＯｘ、ＳＯ２浓度随着人类活动的加强而升高。木荷和马尾松叶片Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ、ΦＰＳⅡ和稳态下的ｑＰ随人类活动加强而下降，其下降趋势与ＣＯ２、ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ的上升趋势相一致。

Different impacts of human activities including tourism,religious activity and industrial activities on atmospheric CO2, NOx and SO2 concentration of the subtropical forests and the chlorophyll fluorescence of two woody plant species (Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Pinus massoniana Lamb.) were studied. The experimental sites were at Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve and its nearby industrial area in Guangdong Province. In recent years,the Biosphere Reserve has received more than 700000 tourists and nearly 120000 vehicles each year. A steel production plant and a chemical plant are located in the nearby industrial area. The chlorophyll fluorescence was measured by a modulation pulse fluorometer (PAM). The results showed that the effects of human being activities have caused an increase of the concentration of CO2、 NOx and SO2 within the forests. Comparing to the control site (core area of Biosphere Reserve),the CO2、 NOx and SO2 concentration in the disturbed sites have increased 17 to 40 μmol·mol-1, 5 to 20 nmol·mol-1 and 2 to 19 nmol·mol-1 respectively. The Fv/Fm, qP and ΦPSⅡ of two woody plants decreased with the increase of human being activities. The trend of decreasing Fv/Fm, qP and ΦPSⅡ associated with an increase of qN in leaves of forests plant was consistent with the increasing CO2, NOx and SO2 concentration within the forests.