我国公民参与公共政策探微

On Citizen Participation in Public Policy

公共政策的内涵可以从静态与动态两个层面进行考察,它具有权威性、工具性、多样性等特点。我国公民参与公共政策的主要途径可以分为制度内途径与制度外途径。受到政治体制与经济体制改革滞后、法制建设不完善、决策主体缺乏民主参与、公民参与渠道很少、选举制度不完善、基层民主和政府的决策机制不完善、有组织参与程度低等因素的制约,我国公民在参与公共政策方面还存在一些问题,如普通公众多是着眼于个人利益、不能着眼于公共利益,公民整体文化素质不高等,都制约了公民在参与公共政策上作用的发挥,影响到我国政治生活的民主化进程。要推进我国公民参与公共政策,应从制度建设、拓宽公民参与渠道、进一步扩大基层直接民主、提高公民法治意识以及培养公民参与的能力等方面采取有效措施。

The connotation of public policy can be studied on both static and dynamic levels. It has the characteristics of authority, instrument, and diversity. The major approaches for participating public policy can be classified into inner-system approaches and outer-system approaches. Restricted by such factors as lagged political and economic reform, imperfect legal construction, lack of democratic participation, inadequate channel for citizen participation, imperfect election system, imperfect decision-making mechanism, and scarce organized participation, there still exist some problems in citizens＇ participation in public policy. For example, a large number of citizens only focus on their personal interests; and the general quality is low. All these have restricted the functions of citizens＇ public policy participation and influenced the democratic process of political life of our country. Therefore, in order to promote the citizens＇ public policy participation, we should take measures to establish the corresponding systems, broaden participation channels, promote citizens＇ legal consciousness, and cultivate their participation ability.