预见、识别、评价、控制和管理粉尘危害是企业应尽的职责──鞍钢45年实践的回顾

ANTICIPATION,RECOGNITION,EVALUATION,CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF DUST HAZARD ARE ENTERPRISE'S BOUNDEN DUTY──In retrospect of 45 years practice in AISG

本文简要回顾了鞍钢45年防治粉尘危害的过程，试图总结一些经验教训，并对企业和职业卫生工作者各应做些什么作了讨论，对今后的工作提出了一些见解。鞍钢在45年的尘肺防治工作中，逐步形成了识别、评价和控制粉尘危害的各项措施，在后期又进一步发展了预见和管理两个环节的各项措施。在防与治的目标方面，也经历了从不切实际，无法达到和考核的目标逐步发展到从实际出发，可以做到又可考核的目标。从考核粉尘浓度的合格率发展到分级管理，从专治矽肺结节到以控制和预防合并症为主，从企业的改建改造中实施三同时到加强日常管理，形成了一整套措施。实事求是地处理好防和治的关系，制订切实有效的策略，至关重要。鞍钢45年实践正符合1995年开始实施的劳动法的要求。按照正确治理策略继续努力，明显降低发病率，以至最终消除粉尘危害是完全可能的。

A brief review of the whole course for controlling the dust hazard in AISG(Anshan Iron &Steel Group) was made attempting to summarize some experiences and to draw lessons. What theenterprise should do and what character the occupational hygienist should act were discussed,andviews for controlling this hazard in future were put forward Through 45 years practice,the Insti-tute of Industrial Health has accumulated a wealth of experience in fighting against silicosis. Vari-ous measures in recog nit io n, evaluation and control links were gradually formed. In later period,measures in anticipation and management links were further developed. The trial specifically to curethe silicotic nodule was turned mainly to prevent and treat the complications. Implementing socalled"Three Simultaneities"(i. e. design,construct and operate the dust control system simultane-ously with the main production installation) was accompanied with the enforcement of routine ma-nagement of the workplace environment. To handle realistically the relationship between preventionand treatment,and to formulate effective and practicable control strategy are undoubtedly crucial- Itis convinced that if we advance along appropriate control strategy,and make still greater efforts,toreduce significantly the incidence rate of silicosis and finally to eliminate the silicosis will surely bepossible.