中国角蝉总科昆虫前胸背板外长物的多样性类型及命名

DIVERSITY AND TYPES OF PRONOTAL OUTGROWTHS OF CHINESE MEMBRACOIDEA (HOMOPTERA: AUCHENORRHYNCHA)

中国的角蝉大多属于露盾角蝉亚科Ｃｅｎｔｒｏｔｉｎａｅ，其前胸背板上的外长物——突起、脊突、结等极富多样性。以前Ｗ．Ｄ．Ｆｕｎｋｈｏｕｓｅｒ（１９５０）等对这些外长物的记述主要根据其着生的位置，延伸的方向和形状。作者认为，应首先划分着生的层次，再进一步按着生的位置、延伸的方向、形状划分类型。本文根据这些原则提出了中国角蝉前胸背板外长物多样性的类型及命名，并对每个类型作出界定。命名系统如下。（一）初级外长物Ｐｒｉｍａｒｙｏｕｔｇｒｏｗｔｈｓ：由前胸背板上直接伸出，有５类：１．肩角Ｈｕｍｅｒａｌａｎｇｌｅ：分为３个类型，（１）钝突型Ｃｒｅｎａｔｕｓ，（２）圆锥型Ｃｏｒｎａｔｕｓ，（３）微突型Ｃｏｒｎｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ。２．上肩角Ｓｕｐｒａｈｕｍｅｒａｌｓ：分为８个类型，（１）脊起型Ｃａｒｉｎａｔｕｓ，（２）齿突型Ｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ，（３）尖刺型Ｓｐｉｎａｔｕｓ，（４）弯线型Ｃｕｒｖｉｌｉｎｅａｒｉｓ，（５）端截型Ｔｒｕｎｃａｔｕｓ，（６）叶刺型Ｆｏｌｉｓｐｉｎａｔｕｓ，（７）二齿型Ｂｉｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ，（８）三瓣型Ｔｒｉｌｏｂａｔｕｓ。３．前角突Ａｎｔｅｒｉｏｒｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ：分为５个类型，（１）锐脊型Ｃｒｅｓｔａｔ?

Most Chinese treehoppers (Membracoidea, s.str.) belong to the subfamily Centrotinae systematically, of which more than 250 species of 43 genera of the subfamily are studied in this research. There are various kinds of outgrowths: processes, crests, nodes etc. on their pronotum. These outgrowths can be divided into three different levels and many types based on a.) their producing position, b.) extanded orientation and c.) shape. A new naming system for the pronotal outgrowths is proposed as follows, and both species Elaphiceps cervus Buckton and Choucentrus sinensis Yuan serve as examples for explaining and illustrating the new naming system. Ⅰ. Primary outgrowths: produced directly from pronotum. ① Humeral angle: 3 types. (1) Crenatus, (2) Cornatus, (3) Corniculatus. ② Suprahumerals: 8 types. (1) Carinatus, (2) Dentatus, (3) Spinatus, (4) Curvilinearis, (5) Truncatus, (6) Folispinatus, (7) Bedentatus and (8) Trilobatus. ③ Anterior process: 5 types. (1) Crestatus, (2) Unicornatus, (3) Capitatus, (4) Furcatus, F. Furilobatus. ④ Mesodorsal process: 4 types. (1) Erectoconatus, (2) Erectospinatus, (3) Colummaris, (4) Compressus. ⑤ Posterior process: 14 types. (1) Tectiform, (2) Depressus, (3) Dorsinodosus, (4) Obliquispinatus, (5) Curvispinatus, (6) Unisinuatus, (7) Bisinuatus, (8) Trisinuatus, (9) Rectangulatus, (10) Arc linearis, (11) Curviampliatus, (12) Arciform, (13) Zigzag and (14) Degenerate. Ⅱ. Secondary outgrowths: produced from various primary outgrowths. ① From the Suprahumerals: 3 types. (1) Microdentatus, (2) Macrodentatus and (3) Binaridentatus. ② From inner side of the Furcilobatus: 1 type. Interior lobe. ③ From the Mesodorsal process: 3 types. (1) Posterior branch, (2) Lateral branch and (3) Upper anterior branch. ④ From the Posterior process: 5 types. (1) Basidorsal node, (2) Mesodorsal node, (3) Subapical node, (4) Inferior lobe and (5) Lateral lobe. Ⅲ. Tertiary outgrowths: produced from the secondary outgrowths. ① Anterior subbranch: from the Lateral branch. ② Inferior lobe: from the Posterior branch.