特征分析和等翅目的分类系统

CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSE AND TAXONOMIC SYSTEM ON ISOPTERA

本文对有关昆虫特征的类型和应用作了初步分析，将特征归纳为“独自性”和“系统性”两大类。指出祖征的拥有存在着三个方面的不均衡。一个类群拥有比较多而典型的祖征，属于接近祖先的类群；反之，拥有较少而变型的祖征，则属于后起的类群。一般说来，同级阶元非独立拥有的特征不宜作为系统依据。在研究白蚁形态“原始型”和“蜕变型”的基础上，强调“蜕变型”作为衍征在研究等翅目各科系统关系的意义。

This paper deals with the analyses about the types and application of the characters concerning the taxonomic systems of Isoptera. There are two kinds of characteristic morphologic structures in insects: “Unique characters” and “Systematic characters”. It is considered that there are three unequal characters upon the plesiomorphy. The more typical plesiomorphic characters of one group possessed, the more closely relaled to the ancestral group it is. If one group possesses only a few and aberrant plesiomorphic characters, it might belong to the evolutionary and present group. According to the fossil geologic period and morphological structures, the authors inquire into the relationship among the order Blattaria, Isoptera and Mantodea. On the basic study of the “Primary type” and “Transmuted type” characters of termite, we point out emphatically that the “Transmuted type” as apomorphy is very important to discover the relationships between the termite families. In brief, the certain characters of termite could not be used as evidences to identify for appraisment if these characters in the same taxonomic category are not independent. The authors put forward a tentative scheme on the relationships among the termite families on the basis of the action of “Primary type” and “Transmuted type” characters.