华东地区最高最低气温时空变化特征

Characteristics of Maximum and Minimum Temperature in East China

利用华东地区1961-2005年气象站点的气温资料,分析了华东地区最高、最低气温的时间和空间变化特征。结果表明,1961-2005年华东最高和最低气温均有先降后升的变化趋势,其中冬季增温幅度最大,春季次之,夏季最高气温变化趋势不明显,最低气温升温幅度最小。2001-2005年,华东地区平均最高和最低气温最高;最高气温在20世纪80年代最低,最低气温在60年代最低。最高气温和最低气温分别在1989年和1988年发生了增加突变。华东最高和最低气温在空间上基本都为增温。华东最高气温在沿海地区的增温幅度大多大于内陆地区。最低气温在安徽北部、江苏北部和山东半岛的部分地区增温幅度较大,而在山东西部、江西西北部、浙江西部及福建沿海的部分地区增温幅度较小。最高、最低气温除在冬季增温趋势一致,即北部增温幅度大于南部外,在其他三个季节都呈现出不同的空间变化特征。

Based on the temperature data in meteorological stations of East China from 1961 to 2005, the temporal and spatial characteristics of maximum and minimum temperature variation in East China were studied. The results indicated that both the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature de- creased firstly, then increased in the past 45 years, with the most increase of temperature in winter, and more increase of temperature in spring. In summer, the change trend of maximum temperature was not significant, and the minimum temperature increased least. In the first 5 years of 21st century, both the maximum and the minimum temperature were highest. The maximum temperature was lowest in 1980s, and the minimum temperature was lowest in 1960s. The maximum and minimum temperature abruptly changed in 1989 and 1988 respectively, with the warming as the main characteristics. Spatially, both the maximum and the minimum temperature increased basically in East China. In coastal areas of East China, the warming rate of maximum temperature was higher than that in inland areas. The warming rate of minimum temperature was higher in Northern Anhui, Northern Jiangsu and some parts of Shandong Peninsula, but lower in Western Shandong, Northwestern Jiangxi, Western Zhejiang and some parts in coastal areas of Fujian. In winter, the warming trend of maximum and minimum temperature was the same, that is, the warming rate in northern parts of East China was higher than that in southern parts, but in other three seasons, the spatial variation characteristics of maximum and minimum temperature were different.