嗅鞘细胞与脊髓损伤的治疗

Olfactory ensheathing cells for treating spinal cord injury

嗅鞘细胞是一种特殊类型的神经胶质细胞,起源于嗅基底膜,分布在嗅球、嗅神经,并可伴随嗅神经轴突迁徙入脑。尽管目前嗅鞘细胞移植技术治疗脊髓损伤的疗效已经被大量基础实验证实,并且已经开始了初步的临床试验,但其在移植后作用的主要机制仍然需要继续探讨。脊髓的再生与修复是一个非常复杂的过程,目前还有许多问题有待解决,如嗅鞘细胞移植治疗的主要机制、嗅鞘细胞移植时机的选择、嗅鞘细胞纯度对移植效果的影响、嗅鞘细胞植入的方法等。

Olfactory ensheathing cells are unique glial cells. It originates from olfaction basement membrane, distributes in the olfactory bulb and around the olfactory nerve. Olfactory ensheathing cells extend from the peripheral nerveous system environment into the central nervous system environment with olfactory axons. Although the efficacy of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for treating spinal cord injury has provided by lots of researches from laboratory, and the preliminary clinical trial has been carried out, the mechanism of this reparative effect still needs to be explored. Regeneration and repair of the spinal cord is a very complicated process, and there are many issues to be resolved, such as the mechanism of reparative effect, the timing of the transplantation, the effect of cell purity, an the methods of transplantation.