听觉反馈与鸣禽鸣唱学习可塑性

Auditory Feedback and The Plasticity of Vocal Learning in Songbirds

对近年来听觉反馈在鸣禽鸣唱学习可塑性方面的研究进行综述.鸣禽的鸣曲学习与人类的语言学习都是一种依赖于听觉反馈的模仿学习.在鸣曲学习过程中,幼鸟根据听觉反馈的信息对鸣曲进行比较和修正,使其不断完善;在鸣曲维持过程中,成鸟通过听觉反馈实时监测自己鸣曲的完整性与准确性,使鸣曲保持稳定.鸣曲的输出与听觉反馈信息在鸟脑中得到整合,并指导下一次鸣唱做出适当的调整.近年来,这种感觉与运动信息在鸣禽发声核团中的整合机制逐渐引起了国内外研究者的兴趣.其中,新纹状体巨细胞核外侧部(LMAN)神经元对自鸣曲(BOS)高度选择性的听觉应答在鸣曲去稳定化过程中的作用,以及高级发声中枢(HVC)中镜像神经元的发现,为今后的研究提供了重要的线索.

Songbirds and humans both rely critically on auditory feedback for learning and maintaining accurate vocalizations. During vocal learning, juvenile songbirds learn to sing by using auditory feedback to match their variable song patterns to a memorized tutor model. During song maintaining, adult songbirds monitor the integrality and accuracy of its song on-line according to auditory feedback. This form of learning requires auditory-vocal integration. The output of songs and the information of auditory feedback are integrated in some areas of the bird＇s brain, and then direct next vocal activity. In recent years, the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum （LMAN） has been demonstrated that it is necessary for feedback-dependent song decrystallization, and LMAN neurons exhibit highly selective responses to auditory presentation of the bird＇s own song （BOS）. Moreover, the discovery of mirror neurons in the high vocal centre （HVC） also provides a significant clue for further study in songbirds. Here the progress of auditory feedback and the plasticity of vocal learning in songbirds are reviewed in recent years.