南京牛头岗遗址植硅体分析及环境考古意义

PHYTOLITH ANALYSIS AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS AT NIUTOUGANG NEOLITHIC SITE IN NANJING

牛头岗遗址是江苏南京较大的古文化遗址,遗址文化层中植硅体组合揭示在新石器晚期(约3500Cal.aBP前),南京地区气候偏暖偏湿;商代(约3500—3000Cal.aBP),气候温暖湿润;西周早期(约3000Cal.aBP后),气候又偏暖偏湿。明显的气候波动与全新世中晚期全球气候变化可以对比。相邻何颖遗址的文化内涵和哺乳动物遗存,与牛头岗植硅体组合反映的植被与生态比较一致。新石器晚期至西周时期的气候与环境适宜古代先民的繁衍与生存,南京及滁河流域古文化内涵丰富。

Niutougang archaeological site is one of the largest ancient cultural sites in Nanjing.Phytolith analysis was carried out on its culture layers in order to reveal the climate circumstance that the ancestors experienced.Three stages can be identified according to phytolith assemblages.During late Neolithic period(before 3 500 Cal.aBP),it was humid and warm.For the Shang Dynasty(3 500—3 000 Cal.aBP),it was warmer and wetter than the previous stage.While during early West Zhou Dynasty(after 3 000 Cal.aBP),there was a minor drop in both temperature and humidity,and the condition was analogous to that of first stage.This climatic history is consistent with global climate variations in mid-late Holocene,and is compatible with the profile suggested by cultural and mammal relics at the nearby Heyin Site.The optimum climate and environment during the late Neolithic to West Zhou Dynasty has favored the survival and reproduction of the ancestors,resulted in abundant cultural relics in Nanjing and the adjacent Chuhe region of this stage.