人力资本积累与中国制造业技术创新效率的差异性

Industry Characteristic, Human Capital Accumulation Path and the Difference of Innovative Efficiency of Chinese Industrial Enterprises

经济全球化背景下,技术学习能力和技术人员人力资本积累是影响我国企业自主创新能力的重要因素。本文从技术学习的视角,运用随机前沿方法对人力资本积累与中国大中型企业技术创新效率的关系进行了产业层面的计量检验。研究结果表明,在劳动密集型产业和中低档次的机械制造业领域,我国大中型企业的创新效率较高,在0.7到0.8之间;而在石油加工、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业等研发资本密集型产业,技术创新效率相对较低,如石油加工、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、电力生产和供应业的创新效率为0.262,0.278,0.216。研究还发现,国内企业技术人员的人力资本积累存在明显的门槛效应,低于这一临界值,国内企业技术学习能力和自主创新能力的提升将十分有限。

Under the background of globalization, technological learning and the technician＇s human capital accumulation are the important factors that affecting Chinese finn＇s Innovation capacity. We makes empirical analysis on the relationships between human capital and the innovation efficiency of Chinese industrial enterprises using Stochastic Frontier Approach （SFA） from the view of the technological learning. We finds the MLEs in China have higher innovative efficiency between 0.7 to 0.8 in labor-intensive industries and low-middle quality of machinery producing industry, however, which have lower efficiency in R＆D-intensive industries such as processing of petroleum, ferrous metals mining and dressing; electric power production and supply, and the value are 0.262, 0.278,0.216. Moreover, we find the human capital accumulation of Chinese domestic enterprises technician has obvious threshold effect, and the improvement of technical learning and technical innovation capacity is very limited below this threshold value.